National policies and strategies ethiopian legal brief. Ethiopia is a country that is on a journey to its renaissance targeting at achieving peace, unity withdiversity, broad and rapid socioeconomic growth, establishment of democratic systems and good governance. How social norms relate to gender inequality in ethiopia. The federal democratic republic of ethiopia shall have a parliamentarian form of government. The cases of oromo and maya karita laisi abstract in this paper i compare the experiences of the maya in guatemala and the oromos in ethiopia of the situation of language policy change. Contact languages counteracting language planning policies. Ethiopia is a multiethnic giant with around 100 million people belonging to more than 80 ethnic groups and speaking many languages, giving its transformation greater regional significance. Issues in ethiopian language policy and education article pdf available in journal of multilingual and multicultural development october 15.
The language policies of ethiopia in the different regimes. Amharic is the second most widely spoken semitic language in the world, after arabic. Values and philosophies despite the fact that ethiopia is a multilingual country, a single language amharic had been the medium of instruction at the elementary school level throughout much of the countrys history. Sociolinguistic challenges of the post1991 ethiopian. The history of ethiopia shows that language policy, political movements and civil wars are closely related. The amharic language enjoys a privileged position compared to other indigenous languages of ethiopia and english. The national anthem of ethiopia, to be determined by law, shall reflect the ideals of the constitution, the commitment of the peoples of ethiopia to live together in a democratic order and of their common destiny. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. It is because i am doing a masters thesis on ethiopian women. Ethiopian language policies have often been overviewed to date in terms of the three eras which tally with the modern systems of rule in ethiopia after wwii see.
Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked since 1991 country in the world located in the horn of africa bordered by six countries djibouti, somalia, kenya, south sudan, sudan and eritrea map. In the specific case of language policies in kenya and ethiopia, the aim of a swot analysis is to help those concerned with them to think of a language policy in. In ethiopia, knowledge and skills about public policy is limited. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of languages. Not only is this new foreign and national security policy and strategy drafted to protect our national interests and to ensure ethiopia s survival as a country, but its basic thrust is designed to bring about a fundamental change of attitude regarding the essence of foreign relations and national security. Provisions of this constitution set out in the masculine gender shall also apply to the.
The purpose of the standard is to ensure equivalence of learning conditions among all schools irrespective of whether they are urban or rural. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens. Ethiopia remained a predominantly rural country and about 86% of its population lives in rural areas. Recent political changes in ethiopia have brought language planning into prominence and policies are being forged which have significant implications for the. Language policy of education and national identity in ethiopia. Particulars relating to nationality shall be determined by law. Ethiopia s policy and strategy on foreign affairs and national security section i basic principles 1. Changes in ethiopias language and education policy. In ethiopia, the overthrow of the military government of the dergue in 1991 ushered in a period of political reforms which are still in progress, including a policy of recognition of a range of indigenous languages other than the traditionally dominant national language, amharic. Amharic is the federal working language of the country. For instance, the question of language identity was one of the reasons for the 1960s antigovernment movement by university students and people from all walks of life. Pdf issues in ethiopian language policy and education. I am interested in the real internal power shift and international. The intergovernmental conference on language policies in africa, which was held in harare zimbabwe from 17 21 march 1997, was the first meeting of its kind involving language specialists attending as governmental experts and doing the preparatory work for and advising.
However, as is the case in many other countries, implementation is not. Studies on implementation of african educational policies no. It is the official working language of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia and several regional states within the federal system. Fiscal policy in ethiopia ethiopian economic association. Ethiopia and its education and language of instruction policies, this article analyzes the formulation and implementation of. Language policy and practices in ethiopia from post 1991. The first official ethiopian educational language policy emerged in 1944 in the. These points are first explored on the basis of the existing language policy related sociolinguistic conceptual frameworks. There are also some languages that are developed and used in education up to the university level. Policy and practice on language of instruction in ethiopian schools. Though i was predisposed toward the ethiopia i had studied since the late 1950s, i appreciated that within its. The semitic languages are spoken in northern, central and eastern ethiopia mainly in tigray, amhara, harar and northern part of the southern peoples state regions. Policy science also helps to study the power dynamics among various policy actors in all the policy processes.
Policy and standardization final paper do free download as word doc. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens learning argues that improved evidence, networking, southtosouth learning and advocacy are going to be crucial to create a focus on mothertongue education environments. All ethiopian languages shall enjoy equal state recognition. Choosing a working language in multiethnic nations. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens learning. The interplay and tensions between language policy and practices mekonnen alemu gebre yohannes a thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies and the department of foreign languages and literature presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of. Capacity building through training is a significant step towards achieving the effective implementation of the cultural policy. It also applies to both private and public schools. The policy incorporates the structure of education in relation to the development of student profile, educational measurement and evaluation, media of instruction and language teaching at various levels, the recruitment, training, methodology, organization, professional ethics and.
The foundations of foreign affairs and national security policy in a fundamental sense, security policy is a matter of ensuring national survival. Any person of either sex shall be an ethiopian national where both or either parent is ethiopian. Amharic shall be the working language of the federal government. Ethiopian languages semitic, cushitic, omotic and nilo. Ethiopia, as one of the multilingual and multicultural countries, has faced the critical problem of development and implementation of language use policy that could satisfy the needs of various societies in question and contribute to their socioeconomic and sociocultural development. The ethiopian languages are divided into four major language groups. The language policy of ethiopia during the imperial and the military regimes. Pdf language policy and practices in ethiopia from post. Can you find and post the national policy on ethiopian women adopted by the transitional government of ethiopia, office of the prime minister, 1993. Language planning and development of the new ethiopian. Pdf language policy and practices in ethiopia from post 1991.
Apart from a brief period of occupation, when italy occupied ethiopia from 1936 until ethiopia s sovereignty was recognized in 1941, ethiopia did not experience the same colonial history as the rest of the region. Ethiopia s national language is amharic, but there are over 82 languages and 200 dialects, or variations, spoken in the country. Implementing the ethiopian national policy for women. Foreign nationals may acquire ethiopian nationality. These are semitic, cushitic, omotic, and nilosaharan. Researches in different african countries using the former colonial language as a medium of instruction have shown that the use of a foreign. The report provides a critical evidence base for responding to the changing development context. The case of afan oromo in the east hararge zone, oromia regional state, ethiopia by jeilan aman gobana submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of. Implementing the ethiopian national policy for women increasing the access to legal remedies 45 enhancing the participation of women 45 strengthening capacity at the regional levels 46 undertaking gendersensitive development planning 46 implications for donors 48 references 51 annexes a. Dont let ethiopia become the next yugoslavia foreign policy. This a continuation of the language study series in ethiopia. However, a number of ethiopian languages never have had populations even that high, so it is not clear that this is an appropriate way to calculate the number of endangered languages in ethiopia.
The national information and communication technology ict policy and strategy. Pdf in ethiopia, the overthrow of the military government of the dergue in 1991 ushered in a period of political reforms which are still in. The politics of contemporary language policy in ethiopia. Ethiopia as a nation, defining it as an obsolete empirestate, a prison house of peoples. This video is about amharic a semitic language related to arabic, hebrew, and others. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia home basic information general. Pdf on sep 1, 2006, getachew anteneh and others published language policy in ethiopia. This new language and education policy could be a model for other countries with a multilingual situation. Mekonen tadesse editor, ethiopian economic associationeea, departments of economics of aau. A new lingua franca in the oromia region ethiopia renato tomei university for foreigners of perugia, italy abstract in the current situation of civil and ethnic conflict in ethiopia, language planning policies are a crucial issue.
The ethiopian academy of sciences and population reference bureau hosted, from left to right, speaker ewenat gebrehanna, moderator zenebework tadesse, and speakers blen sahilu and sehin teferra in a discussion of social norms and gender inequality in ethiopia. Language is political in ethiopia because it has both structured and symbolized the nationbuilding project, and because, in the context of limited resources, any language policy change would require a significant realignment of resources. Issues in ethiopian language policy and education past and present original publication. The key points in the policy in the course of its long history, ethiopia. It means white flower and, at 2,400 m above sea level, it is the 4th highest capital city in the world. The alpha and omega of security is the ensuring of national survival.
1271 1300 490 947 1326 619 572 1596 1188 1290 876 898 1172 807 297 410 879 1251 55 612 627 417 1240 511 84 233 1573 1629 186 1216 577 62 1342 566 1465 1209 1000 983 67 294